596 lines
18 KiB
C
596 lines
18 KiB
C
/*
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Copyright 2018 Embedded Microprocessor Benchmark Consortium (EEMBC)
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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Original Author: Shay Gal-on
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*/
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#include "coremark.h"
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/*
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Topic: Description
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Benchmark using a linked list.
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Linked list is a common data structure used in many applications.
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For our purposes, this will excercise the memory units of the processor.
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In particular, usage of the list pointers to find and alter data.
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We are not using Malloc since some platforms do not support this
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library.
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Instead, the memory block being passed in is used to create a list,
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and the benchmark takes care not to add more items then can be
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accomodated by the memory block. The porting layer will make sure
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that we have a valid memory block.
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All operations are done in place, without using any extra memory.
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The list itself contains list pointers and pointers to data items.
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Data items contain the following:
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idx - An index that captures the initial order of the list.
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data - Variable data initialized based on the input parameters. The 16b
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are divided as follows: o Upper 8b are backup of original data. o Bit 7
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indicates if the lower 7 bits are to be used as is or calculated. o Bits 0-2
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indicate type of operation to perform to get a 7b value. o Bits 3-6 provide
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input for the operation.
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*/
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/* local functions */
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list_head *core_list_find(list_head *list, list_data *info);
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list_head *core_list_reverse(list_head *list);
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list_head *core_list_remove(list_head *item);
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list_head *core_list_undo_remove(list_head *item_removed,
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list_head *item_modified);
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list_head *core_list_insert_new(list_head * insert_point,
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list_data * info,
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list_head **memblock,
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list_data **datablock,
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list_head * memblock_end,
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list_data * datablock_end);
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typedef ee_s32 (*list_cmp)(list_data *a, list_data *b, core_results *res);
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list_head *core_list_mergesort(list_head * list,
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list_cmp cmp,
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core_results *res);
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ee_s16
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calc_func(ee_s16 *pdata, core_results *res)
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{
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ee_s16 data = *pdata;
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ee_s16 retval;
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ee_u8 optype
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= (data >> 7)
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& 1; /* bit 7 indicates if the function result has been cached */
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if (optype) /* if cached, use cache */
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return (data & 0x007f);
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else
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{ /* otherwise calculate and cache the result */
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ee_s16 flag = data & 0x7; /* bits 0-2 is type of function to perform */
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ee_s16 dtype
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= ((data >> 3)
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& 0xf); /* bits 3-6 is specific data for the operation */
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dtype |= dtype << 4; /* replicate the lower 4 bits to get an 8b value */
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switch (flag)
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{
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case 0:
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if (dtype < 0x22) /* set min period for bit corruption */
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dtype = 0x22;
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retval = core_bench_state(res->size,
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res->memblock[3],
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res->seed1,
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res->seed2,
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dtype,
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res->crc);
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if (res->crcstate == 0)
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res->crcstate = retval;
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break;
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case 1:
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retval = core_bench_matrix(&(res->mat), dtype, res->crc);
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if (res->crcmatrix == 0)
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res->crcmatrix = retval;
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break;
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default:
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retval = data;
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break;
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}
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res->crc = crcu16(retval, res->crc);
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retval &= 0x007f;
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*pdata = (data & 0xff00) | 0x0080 | retval; /* cache the result */
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return retval;
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}
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}
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/* Function: cmp_complex
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Compare the data item in a list cell.
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Can be used by mergesort.
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*/
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ee_s32
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cmp_complex(list_data *a, list_data *b, core_results *res)
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{
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ee_s16 val1 = calc_func(&(a->data16), res);
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ee_s16 val2 = calc_func(&(b->data16), res);
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return val1 - val2;
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}
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/* Function: cmp_idx
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Compare the idx item in a list cell, and regen the data.
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Can be used by mergesort.
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*/
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ee_s32
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cmp_idx(list_data *a, list_data *b, core_results *res)
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{
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if (res == NULL)
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{
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a->data16 = (a->data16 & 0xff00) | (0x00ff & (a->data16 >> 8));
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b->data16 = (b->data16 & 0xff00) | (0x00ff & (b->data16 >> 8));
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}
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return a->idx - b->idx;
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}
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void
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copy_info(list_data *to, list_data *from)
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{
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to->data16 = from->data16;
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to->idx = from->idx;
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}
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/* Benchmark for linked list:
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- Try to find multiple data items.
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- List sort
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- Operate on data from list (crc)
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- Single remove/reinsert
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* At the end of this function, the list is back to original state
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*/
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ee_u16
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core_bench_list(core_results *res, ee_s16 finder_idx)
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{
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ee_u16 retval = 0;
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ee_u16 found = 0, missed = 0;
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list_head *list = res->list;
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ee_s16 find_num = res->seed3;
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list_head *this_find;
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list_head *finder, *remover;
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list_data info;
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ee_s16 i;
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info.idx = finder_idx;
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/* find <find_num> values in the list, and change the list each time
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* (reverse and cache if value found) */
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for (i = 0; i < find_num; i++)
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{
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info.data16 = (i & 0xff);
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this_find = core_list_find(list, &info);
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list = core_list_reverse(list);
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if (this_find == NULL)
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{
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missed++;
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retval += (list->next->info->data16 >> 8) & 1;
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}
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else
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{
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found++;
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if (this_find->info->data16 & 0x1) /* use found value */
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retval += (this_find->info->data16 >> 9) & 1;
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/* and cache next item at the head of the list (if any) */
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if (this_find->next != NULL)
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{
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finder = this_find->next;
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this_find->next = finder->next;
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finder->next = list->next;
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list->next = finder;
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}
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}
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if (info.idx >= 0)
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info.idx++;
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#if CORE_DEBUG
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ee_printf("List find %d: [%d,%d,%d]\n", i, retval, missed, found);
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#endif
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}
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retval += found * 4 - missed;
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/* sort the list by data content and remove one item*/
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if (finder_idx > 0)
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list = core_list_mergesort(list, cmp_complex, res);
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remover = core_list_remove(list->next);
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/* CRC data content of list from location of index N forward, and then undo
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* remove */
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finder = core_list_find(list, &info);
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if (!finder)
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finder = list->next;
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while (finder)
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{
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retval = crc16(list->info->data16, retval);
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finder = finder->next;
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}
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#if CORE_DEBUG
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ee_printf("List sort 1: %04x\n", retval);
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#endif
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remover = core_list_undo_remove(remover, list->next);
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/* sort the list by index, in effect returning the list to original state */
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list = core_list_mergesort(list, cmp_idx, NULL);
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/* CRC data content of list */
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finder = list->next;
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while (finder)
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{
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retval = crc16(list->info->data16, retval);
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finder = finder->next;
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}
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#if CORE_DEBUG
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ee_printf("List sort 2: %04x\n", retval);
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#endif
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return retval;
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}
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/* Function: core_list_init
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Initialize list with data.
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Parameters:
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blksize - Size of memory to be initialized.
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memblock - Pointer to memory block.
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seed - Actual values chosen depend on the seed parameter.
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The seed parameter MUST be supplied from a source that cannot be
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determined at compile time
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Returns:
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Pointer to the head of the list.
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*/
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list_head *
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core_list_init(ee_u32 blksize, list_head *memblock, ee_s16 seed)
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{
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/* calculated pointers for the list */
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ee_u32 per_item = 16 + sizeof(struct list_data_s);
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ee_u32 size = (blksize / per_item)
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- 2; /* to accomodate systems with 64b pointers, and make sure
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same code is executed, set max list elements */
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list_head *memblock_end = memblock + size;
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list_data *datablock = (list_data *)(memblock_end);
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list_data *datablock_end = datablock + size;
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/* some useful variables */
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ee_u32 i;
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list_head *finder, *list = memblock;
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list_data info;
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/* create a fake items for the list head and tail */
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list->next = NULL;
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list->info = datablock;
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list->info->idx = 0x0000;
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list->info->data16 = (ee_s16)0x8080;
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memblock++;
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datablock++;
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info.idx = 0x7fff;
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info.data16 = (ee_s16)0xffff;
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core_list_insert_new(
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list, &info, &memblock, &datablock, memblock_end, datablock_end);
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/* then insert size items */
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for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
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{
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ee_u16 datpat = ((ee_u16)(seed ^ i) & 0xf);
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ee_u16 dat
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= (datpat << 3) | (i & 0x7); /* alternate between algorithms */
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info.data16 = (dat << 8) | dat; /* fill the data with actual data and
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upper bits with rebuild value */
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core_list_insert_new(
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list, &info, &memblock, &datablock, memblock_end, datablock_end);
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}
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/* and now index the list so we know initial seed order of the list */
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finder = list->next;
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i = 1;
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while (finder->next != NULL)
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{
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if (i < size / 5) /* first 20% of the list in order */
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finder->info->idx = i++;
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else
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{
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ee_u16 pat = (ee_u16)(i++ ^ seed); /* get a pseudo random number */
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finder->info->idx = 0x3fff
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& (((i & 0x07) << 8)
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| pat); /* make sure the mixed items end up
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after the ones in sequence */
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}
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finder = finder->next;
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}
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list = core_list_mergesort(list, cmp_idx, NULL);
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#if CORE_DEBUG
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ee_printf("Initialized list:\n");
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finder = list;
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while (finder)
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{
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ee_printf(
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"[%04x,%04x]", finder->info->idx, (ee_u16)finder->info->data16);
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finder = finder->next;
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}
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ee_printf("\n");
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#endif
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return list;
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}
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/* Function: core_list_insert
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Insert an item to the list
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Parameters:
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insert_point - where to insert the item.
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info - data for the cell.
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memblock - pointer for the list header
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datablock - pointer for the list data
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memblock_end - end of region for list headers
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datablock_end - end of region for list data
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Returns:
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Pointer to new item.
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*/
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list_head *
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core_list_insert_new(list_head * insert_point,
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list_data * info,
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list_head **memblock,
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list_data **datablock,
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list_head * memblock_end,
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list_data * datablock_end)
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{
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list_head *newitem;
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if ((*memblock + 1) >= memblock_end)
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return NULL;
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if ((*datablock + 1) >= datablock_end)
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return NULL;
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newitem = *memblock;
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(*memblock)++;
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newitem->next = insert_point->next;
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insert_point->next = newitem;
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newitem->info = *datablock;
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(*datablock)++;
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copy_info(newitem->info, info);
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return newitem;
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}
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/* Function: core_list_remove
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Remove an item from the list.
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Operation:
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For a singly linked list, remove by copying the data from the next item
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over to the current cell, and unlinking the next item.
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Note:
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since there is always a fake item at the end of the list, no need to
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check for NULL.
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Returns:
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Removed item.
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*/
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list_head *
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core_list_remove(list_head *item)
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{
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list_data *tmp;
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list_head *ret = item->next;
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/* swap data pointers */
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tmp = item->info;
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item->info = ret->info;
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ret->info = tmp;
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/* and eliminate item */
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item->next = item->next->next;
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ret->next = NULL;
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return ret;
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}
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/* Function: core_list_undo_remove
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Undo a remove operation.
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Operation:
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Since we want each iteration of the benchmark to be exactly the same,
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we need to be able to undo a remove.
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Link the removed item back into the list, and switch the info items.
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Parameters:
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item_removed - Return value from the <core_list_remove>
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item_modified - List item that was modified during <core_list_remove>
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Returns:
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The item that was linked back to the list.
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*/
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list_head *
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core_list_undo_remove(list_head *item_removed, list_head *item_modified)
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{
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list_data *tmp;
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/* swap data pointers */
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tmp = item_removed->info;
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item_removed->info = item_modified->info;
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item_modified->info = tmp;
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/* and insert item */
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item_removed->next = item_modified->next;
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item_modified->next = item_removed;
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return item_removed;
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}
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/* Function: core_list_find
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Find an item in the list
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Operation:
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Find an item by idx (if not 0) or specific data value
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Parameters:
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list - list head
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info - idx or data to find
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Returns:
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Found item, or NULL if not found.
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*/
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list_head *
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core_list_find(list_head *list, list_data *info)
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{
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if (info->idx >= 0)
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{
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while (list && (list->info->idx != info->idx))
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list = list->next;
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return list;
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}
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else
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{
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while (list && ((list->info->data16 & 0xff) != info->data16))
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list = list->next;
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return list;
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}
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}
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/* Function: core_list_reverse
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Reverse a list
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Operation:
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Rearrange the pointers so the list is reversed.
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Parameters:
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list - list head
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info - idx or data to find
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Returns:
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Found item, or NULL if not found.
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*/
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list_head *
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core_list_reverse(list_head *list)
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{
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list_head *next = NULL, *tmp;
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while (list)
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{
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tmp = list->next;
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list->next = next;
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next = list;
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list = tmp;
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}
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return next;
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}
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/* Function: core_list_mergesort
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Sort the list in place without recursion.
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Description:
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Use mergesort, as for linked list this is a realistic solution.
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Also, since this is aimed at embedded, care was taken to use iterative
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rather then recursive algorithm. The sort can either return the list to
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original order (by idx) , or use the data item to invoke other other
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algorithms and change the order of the list.
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Parameters:
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list - list to be sorted.
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cmp - cmp function to use
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Returns:
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New head of the list.
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Note:
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We have a special header for the list that will always be first,
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but the algorithm could theoretically modify where the list starts.
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*/
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list_head *
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core_list_mergesort(list_head *list, list_cmp cmp, core_results *res)
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{
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list_head *p, *q, *e, *tail;
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ee_s32 insize, nmerges, psize, qsize, i;
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insize = 1;
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while (1)
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{
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p = list;
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list = NULL;
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tail = NULL;
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nmerges = 0; /* count number of merges we do in this pass */
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while (p)
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{
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nmerges++; /* there exists a merge to be done */
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/* step `insize' places along from p */
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q = p;
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psize = 0;
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for (i = 0; i < insize; i++)
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{
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psize++;
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q = q->next;
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if (!q)
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break;
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}
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/* if q hasn't fallen off end, we have two lists to merge */
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qsize = insize;
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/* now we have two lists; merge them */
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while (psize > 0 || (qsize > 0 && q))
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{
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/* decide whether next element of merge comes from p or q */
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if (psize == 0)
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{
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/* p is empty; e must come from q. */
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e = q;
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q = q->next;
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qsize--;
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}
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else if (qsize == 0 || !q)
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|
{
|
|
/* q is empty; e must come from p. */
|
|
e = p;
|
|
p = p->next;
|
|
psize--;
|
|
}
|
|
else if (cmp(p->info, q->info, res) <= 0)
|
|
{
|
|
/* First element of p is lower (or same); e must come from
|
|
* p. */
|
|
e = p;
|
|
p = p->next;
|
|
psize--;
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
{
|
|
/* First element of q is lower; e must come from q. */
|
|
e = q;
|
|
q = q->next;
|
|
qsize--;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* add the next element to the merged list */
|
|
if (tail)
|
|
{
|
|
tail->next = e;
|
|
}
|
|
else
|
|
{
|
|
list = e;
|
|
}
|
|
tail = e;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* now p has stepped `insize' places along, and q has too */
|
|
p = q;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
tail->next = NULL;
|
|
|
|
/* If we have done only one merge, we're finished. */
|
|
if (nmerges <= 1) /* allow for nmerges==0, the empty list case */
|
|
return list;
|
|
|
|
/* Otherwise repeat, merging lists twice the size */
|
|
insize *= 2;
|
|
}
|
|
#if COMPILER_REQUIRES_SORT_RETURN
|
|
return list;
|
|
#endif
|
|
}
|